Outline of academic writing

How do humans influence the ecology of estuaries?

The aim of this paper is to draw attention to how complex systems estuaries are. I will also do a small research on human impact on them and point out the main problems. I will use the book I chose for home reading and also scientific articles that can be found on the internet about the subject.

Introduction

In this part I will explain what estuaries are. I will also make a short introduction to the ecology of estuaries.

I – How do the humans influence estuaries?

Here I will speak about the human impact in general. How can humans use these systems for their advantage? I will also give some ideas how to use them differently. This paragraph will be brief. I will also explain how pollution affects the ecology in estuaries and what the main pollutants are. I will point out how to avoid or pollute the systems less (this will be my opinion but I will lean to some experts’ opinions also).

II – Non-indigenous species invasion

I am going to explain how the polluting and the invasion of species are connected. How do these species get there and how they affect the indigenous species? I will also make some examples about the numbers of these species to point out how big this problem really is. I will try to offer some solutions to the problem.

Conclusion

In this part I will try to conclude what I found and also to offer some solutions what could be done. I will also give my point of view to the whole problem.

This is my outline for the academic writing. I might change some parts along the process.

References

• Chandler G.T., Jones B.E., Kelsey H., Porter D.E., Vo M. and S.P. Walker, 2004. „ Assessing Photoinduced Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Urbanized Estuary” in Ecology and Society. Available at http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/ Last accessed on 7 March 2011.

• Dobson M. And C. Frid, 2009. Ecology of Aquatic Systems 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

• Dürr H.H., Laruelle G.G., Kempen C.M., Meybeck M. and C.P. Slomp, 2009. „Worldwide Typology of Nearshore Costal Systems: Defining the Estuarine Filter of River Inputs to the Oceans” in Estuaries and Coasts ed. H. Middlekoop. Available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/120846/ Last accessed on 9 March 2011.

• Heinänen A. 1992. „Bacterioplankton in a Subarctic Estuary: the Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea)” in Endangered Species Research. Germany: Inter-Research Science Center.