Dear students,
Please answer the following questions:
1. What book have you chosen to read? Will you, please, give the full reference to the book according to the following pattern:
Author. Year. Title. The place it was published: The name of the publisher.
In case you have got the book from the internet:
Author. Year. Title. Available at www.__________. Last accessed in Month Year.
2. Why have you chosen that particular book? (Explain your choice in at least 3 sentences)
3. Give a brief summary of what you have read so far (approx. 100-150 words)
4. What are your impressions of the book? (Write at least 3 sentences)
5. Provide a list of 15-20 terms translated into Estonian
1. Rachel L. Carson.1962.Silent Spring.New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
ReplyDelete2. I chosen that book because it is famous and well-written. The book is readable even my english is not so good. This book is well-thought-of environmental literature and interesting to read.
3. Chapter one tells about city, where was beautiful nature and big species diversity. People destroied that city then they used pesticides.
Chapter two tells how the people has changed nature and its composition and that will take along much of bad. People contamination of air, earth, rivers and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. It took a long time to achieve the balance and now the people violate that balance of nature. It is ironic to think that humans might determine his own future by something so seemingly trivial as the choice of an insect spray but it is very important choice. Carson wants to say that people should be know dangerous and must decide whether it wishes to continue on the present road.
Chapter three talks about how dangerous DDT is for humans. DDT storage in organism and is dangerous even in very small amount and can bring about vast changes in the body because it is so potent. One of the most sinister features of DDT and related chemicals is the way they are passed on form one organism to another through all links of the food chains. The poison may also be passed on from mother to offspring.
The legend that the herbicides are toxic only to plants is not true. The plant killers include a large variety of chemicals that act on animals tissue as well as on vegetation.
Some part of chemicals are lethal and part of inflict malignant tumors.
4. My impression of the book is positive. The book is interesting to read. But also that book is sad and thought-provoking because it tells about humans negligence in reference to environment. But I think that book is educative.
5.
putukad - insects
närilised - rodents
kahjurid – pests
tissues - koed
reptiles – roomajad
putukamürgid – insecticides
enzymes – ensüümid
oxidation processes – hapendumisprotsessid
malignancy – pahaloomuline kasvaja
kitsed – goats
süsivesikud – carbohydrates
süsivesinik – hydrocarbon
quail- vutt
cockroaches – prussakad
püsisoojane loom – warm-blooded animal
fly amanita – harilik kärbseseen
aphids – lehetäid
spider mites – võrgendilestad
aquatic weed – veeumbrohi
reservoirs – veehoidlad
1.Rachel Carson. 1962. Silent Spring. New York: Houghton Miffin Company.
ReplyDelete2.I have chosen that book, because it is talking about environment. That book have been exeptionally high global influence. And that book is easier to read than the first one I chosen.
3.I begun from chapter seven – Needless Havoc. It is talking about insect-control programs, what surged steadily upward. A record of destruction and death of American wildlife has accumulated. In 1959 dusted from the air with pellets of aldrin in southeastern Michigan, including numerous suburbs of Destroit. Purpose of this was control the Japanese beetle. The Michigan spraying was one of the first large-scale attacks on the Japanese beetle from air. The choice of aldrin, one of the deadliest of all chemicals, was not determined by any peculiar suitability for Japanese beetle control, but simply by the wish to save money – aldrin was the cheapest of the compounds available. Pellets of aldrin became a possible death potion, when the snow and rain came. A lot of birds, mammals and fishes died. This method was used for a long time before taked into use bacterial disease. That affects beetles of the family to which the Japanese beetle belongs. That disease could “milky disease”. Than why people used this spraying method before “milky disease”? People caused so many suffering to living creatures and creatures died because that.
4.I have not read this book so much yet. But this chapter was frightening. And I think this book will be interesting to me. It will open my eyes more about people and their activities, who caused so many bad things to environment and animals.
5.
shorebirds - rannikulinnud
plumage - sulestik
robins - rändrästad
pheasants - faasanid
conservationists - looduskaitsjad
entomologist - entomoloog (putuka uurija)
beetle - mardikas
insecticide - putukamürk
pest control - kahjuritõrje
loss of ability to fly - lennuvõimetus
birdbanders - linnuvaatlejad
dieldrin - dieldriin
thrashers - irverästad
meadowlarks - preerialõokesed
quail - vutt
rendered sterile - muutunud sigimatuks
warp - herilane
grub - tõuk
spore - eos
horned lark - sarviklõoke
1. Rachel L. Carson.1962.Silent Spring.New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
ReplyDelete2. I have chosen this book because its about environmental movement. Its easy to read because words aren't so complicated. I think I will know a lot about nature and problems when I finish reading this book.
3. I begun at chapter fifteen-Nature Fights Back.
Its talking about chemical attaches what is weakening the defenses inherent in the environment itself, defenses designed to keep the various species in check. Each time we breach these defenses a horde of insects pours through. The trouble is that we are seldom aware of the protection afforded by natural enemies until it fails.
Scientific journals had already recorded some 50 species involved in violent dislocations of nature's balance by 1958. More examples are found in every year.
Dr. Pickett and his associates struck out on a new road instead of going along with other entomologists who continued to pursue the will-o'- the-wisp of the ever more toxic chemical.Recognizing that they had a strong ally in nature, they devised a program that makes maximum use of natural controls and minimum use of insecticides. Dr. Pickett uses special care to select chemicals that will do as little as possible to insect parasites and predators.
It is well on the way to realizing the philosophy stated by the Canadian entomologist G.C Ullyett a decade ago:" We must change our philosophy, abandon our attitude of human superiority and admit that is many cases in natural environments we find ways and means of limiting populations of organisms in more economical way than we can do it ourselves."
4. I think this book is really good to people who doesn't knew anything about environmental movement. It gives you a good overview about nature problems and how to use things the way how you doesn't harm any living creatures. That way you will be a better people to the word.
5.
animalcule- mikroskoopiline loomake
self-defeating- ennast petma
insecticide- putukamürk
concealment- salastamine
midge-surusääsk, kihulane
ladybug-lepatriinu
leaf-feeding- lehe söömine
destructive- hävitav, purustav
sugarcane- suhkruroog
insect-putukas
damaged- kahjustatud
bitter- mõru, kibe
farmland- maalapp
mollusk- mollusk
enviroment- ümbruskeskkond
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1. Rachel Carson. 1962. Silent Spring. Available at http://gyanpedia.in/tft/Resources/books/ss.pdf . Last accessed in December 2010.
ReplyDelete2. I have chosen this book, because I heard that this book was easy to read. Also because the author has used simple language and harder words are mostly about environment, which is good at richening my vocabulary. Further on, this book has also been translated into Estonian, so if I have some troubles I can read the Estonian version and then be able to understand the context more fully.
3. In the introduction the author describes a town and then how its nature changed to the worse. The town wasn’t real, but she put together all things that have happened into one town, and then in next paragraphs she goes more into telling how these things happens, why they happen and how these chemicals, that are endangering the world, have became a very serious problem. There are also examples and some solutions to these problems that have been made. The third paragraph until page 15 describes how human beings are affected with these poisonous chemicals that are being used to get rid of insects. Also in the third paragraph the author goes into different chemicals specifically.
4. The impressions I got from reading this book are that first of all, it makes me aware of the dangers of the chemicals that are being used in the environment. And as predicted, it was quite enjoyable to read, because it uses simple words so I didn’t have to translate very much. Other than that, the author makes me realize how important this issue, that the world is facing, really is. It also seems very nicely written, and the author has managed to explain everything very plainly, so that it is understandable.
5. Prosperous – edukas; õitsev; tulutoov;
Viburnum – lodjapuu;
Abundance – küllus; rohkus; sisaldus;
Pollination – tolmeldamine;
Contamination – kontaminatsioon; reostumine; saastumine;
Impetuous – äge; impulsiivne;
Vernacular – kohalik; pärismaine;
Barrage – kaitsevall; pais;
Inadvertence – soovimatus; tähelepanematus; vastutustundetus;
Pesticide – pestitsiid; putukamürk; taimekaitseaine;
Innovation – uuendus;
Prodigious – imestust äratav; määratu; tohutu;
Synthetic – sünteetiline;
Malignancy – kuritahtlikkus; õelus;
Arsenic – arseen; arseenik;
Dispense – dispenseerima; välja jagama; ravimeid valmistama ja välja andma;
Ingenious – leidlik; teravmeelne;
Intestine – sisikond; sisus; sold;
Necrosis – kärbumine;
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ReplyDeleteHOMEREADING (Chapter 15)
ReplyDelete1. Carson, Rachel. 1962. „Silent spring“. New York: Houghton Miffin Company.
2. I have chosen that book because of it is aim to protect nature and environment. This book has a great influence to put people thinking about these kind of problems. And the most biggest reason – it is easy to read.
3. People have spent great amounts of energy and resources to design nature to their own satisfaction. It seems that this endeavor will be for nothing. Insects are adapting to insecticides to the extent that they have often become impervious to the poisons. One biologist remarked that no one knows enough about insects. As they study insects, they are always impressed by that the impossible often happens. Insects are undergoing a process of natural selection so that they are becoming resistant to insecticides. Moreover, the use of chemical poisons weakens the natural enemies of insects. Insects that had once been regarded as only minor threats are becoming strong enough in number to become serious pests. Chemical controls are by nature self-defeating. They don’t take into account the complex biological structure of their targeted insects.
There is no such thing as the status quo of nature. People are part of this balance as well as insects, plants, and animals. Chemical control proponents overlook two important facts of nature: one, nature applies the most effective control of insects, and two, insects have an explosive capacity to reproduce once they have adapted to chemical control methods. Normally, nature controls this explosive population of insects and other forms of life. We see this happen over and over in the natural world.
4. My impression about this book is quite good. Author has examined thoroughly this insect and insecticide problem and put readers to think about it. Also it gives a many solutions to solve this ecological issue.
5. Vocabulary:
Genetic selection – geneetiline valik
entomologist – putukateadlane(entomoloog)
protozoa – ainuraksed
spawning ground – kudemisala
predatory insects – röövputukad
wasps – kiletiivalised
beneficent effect – soodne mõju
cotton yield – puuvilla toodang
diligence in spraying – hoolas pritsimine
toxic chemicals – mürgised kemikaalid
carry disease – haigusi kandma
tremendous population explosion – populatsiooni tohut suurenemine
salt marshes – soolasood
endowed - varustatud
inorganic chemicals – anorgaanilised kemikaalid.
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ReplyDelete1. Rachel Carson. 1962. Silent Spring. New York: Houghton Miffin Company.
ReplyDelete2. I have chosen this book, because the main idea is how pesticides, which are applied to the environment do more harm than good. And I think all people should know more about pesticides. I found it interesting and educative.
3. I begun at chapter four - Surface Waters and Underground Seas. It is about pollution of water by pesticides. It comes from radioactive wastes, from nuclear explosions, from domestic waste, and from chemical sprays. The problem with the chemicals is increased when they are combined. People do not know all the bad effects of chemicals in the environment and they continue to use them. And it is hard time detecting what chemicals are in the water. Most of the synthetic chemicals can not be identified. Some chemicals are put into water deliberately to destroy organisms, plants, or unwanted fish, some seep into the rivers from forest spraying, from farmlands also. And all goes into the underground water streams and moved to the rivers and into the ocean. In this book are examples of chemicals found in water supplies. In Tennessee, the river that had received runoff from fields sprayed with one chemical was so toxic that it killed all the fish inhabiting in it streams. The threat to groundwater is the most disturbing of the water pollution problems. The pollution of groundwater is the pollution of the entire earth. The problem with all the chemicals in the environment is that they combine with other released chemicals to produce something no one ever guessed at. This makes the threat of chemical pollution uncontainable and unpredictable. What I found scary was that the use of pesticides in water also produces cancer-causing affects. Cities that receive their drinking supply from contaminated rivers have a higher death rate from cancer!
4. My impression of this book is scary and makes me nervous. I can not belive it in some places! Is it true at all? How people can be so thoughtless? I hope that humankind is able to learn from mistakes made.
5.
Pesticide - mürk
Radiation – kiirgus
Interaction – koostoime
Transformation – muundumine
Synthetic – sünteetiline
Insecticide – putukamürk
Arsenic – arseen
Comparison – võrdlus
Toxicity – mürgisus
Poisonous – mürgine
Foliage – lehestik
Ionizing radiation – ioniseeriv kiirgus
Rearrangement – ümberpaigutamine
Refuge - varjupaik
Conservation- looduskaitse
Ooze – muda
Grebe – pütt
Infection – nakkus
Carnivorous – lihasööja
Herbivore - rohusööja
Adrenal - neerupealne
1. M. Dobson and C. Frid. 2009. Ecology of Aquatic Systems 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
ReplyDelete2. I chose this book because I am interested in marine biology. Although this book gives an overall introduction to other aquatic systems too, such as lakes and ponds, rivers, estuaries, costal seas, wetlands and of course the open ocean, it is interesting. Another reason why I chose it is that it looks like a textbook which makes all the information easier to understand. I can use it for studying also.
3. The first chapter is more for introduction. It speaks about hydrologic cycle with few words. It also connects two separate water circulation systems within the open oceans. Surface water circulation is driven by the wind and deep water circulation is driven by cool water sinking at high latitudes. These two systems are connected only in regions of downwelling and upwelling which I found interesting. There is also information about ocean beds and how new Earth crust is made, plus frequently spoken introduction about inland waters, such as rivers, lakes and wetlands.
There is also a large part dedicated to the chemistry of water. The components that cause salinity are introduced and compared in different situations. It is also described how different the chemical constituents can be in the sea and inland waters, especially in saline lakes. Also, how dissolved gases affect the qualities of the water is very interesting. Concentrations of these gases are determined to a large extent by biological activity in less turbulent water bodies. Therefore, the process of respiration is very important.
A small part of the text turns attention to the problems that increasing acidity in the oceans may cause and how human actions influence it.
Overall I can say based on what I have read so far is that firstly, the aquatic systems are highly diverse and secondly, that the biology and hence ecology of the organisms are linked to the physical and chemical properties of water.
4. For me the book is quite easy to read. I like the fact that it is more like an introduction book to the subject and that it does not go so deep into the problems. Another thing I like is that at the end of every part there is a list of references. That is good for getting more information if one should be interested.
5. Vocabulary:
substratum – aluskiht
estuary – jõe suue, suudmeala, estuaar
albeit – kuigi, ehkki
to be augmented – lisatud, kasvatatud
geostrophic current – Coriolis’e jõust põhustatud hoovus
gyre – keeris, spiraal
benthic zone – põhjavöönd
oxbow lakes – jõekäärujärved
titration – tiitrimine
crustal rocks – tugev pinnakiht
lysocline region – piirkond veekogu sügavuses, kus kiire lahustumisprotsess ilmneb
carbonate compensation depth (CCD) – karbonaadi (CO3) tasakaalustus sügavus
solute enriched – lahustunud aine rikastatus
photosynthesizers – fotosünteesiad
equilibrium – tasakaal
solubility – lahustuvus
peat-producing – turvast tekitav
scallop – kammkarp
winkles – rannakarbid
light attenuation – valguse nõrgenemine
grazer – rohusööja
detritus – detriit, jäänused
plankton – plankton
tripton – mitte elusad osakesed vees